Camellia sinensis L. (Green Tea): Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Properties – A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Medicinal plants have become increasingly preferred over drugs due to the sense of well-being they promote, thanks to their rich content in bioactive compounds with many health benefits, as well as their lack of adverse effects compared to pharmaceuticals. At the same time, they can relieve the symptoms of some conditions and also contribute to the prevention of various chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Camellia sinensis L., known as the plant from which green, black, and oolong teas are obtained, as well as other varieties, is one of the most famous medicinal plants, bringing a multitude of benefits to the human body, mainly through the compounds in its leaves, the largest proportion being represented by catechins, a type of polyphenol recognized for their strong antioxidant properties. EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), the most important and abundant catechin, is known for its ability to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.Although less studied, the flowers of this plant are also rich in bioactive compounds found in the leaves, along with unique compounds but also others with multiple therapeutic properties. Research indicates that the regular consumption of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) significantly enhances life quality and promotes longevity by lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer, including colorectal and gastric cancers.